andesite - intermediate silica
content igneous rock
Buddhist - religion originating
in India that had a large influence in Japanese culture
basalt - a fine-grained
extrusive igneous rock, and when unweathered it is black to green-black in
color
caldera - an enormous crater
formed by the collapse of a volcanic dome
composite volcano (stratovolcano)
- a volcano that emits both tephra and viscous lava, and that builds up steep
conical mounds
crater - often bowl-shaped
depression, usually at the top of a volcano
hot spot - volcanic area
in the earth where molten material punches through thin or ripped sections
in the crust
igneous - rock or mineral
formed from molten material
lava - molten material that
has erupted from a volcanic vent
magma - molten material
within the earth
mantle - thick shell of
dense, rocky matter that surrounds the planet's core
prefecture - in Japan,
a geographical area similar to a county in the United States. Prefectures
may include several towns and cities.
rhyolite - high silica content igneous rock
Shinto - religion unique
to Japan that worships nature and associated spiritual presences
shogun - hereditary ruler
of Japanese military that took control of Japan from the 12th to 19th century
stratovolcano (composite
volcano) - a volcano
that emits both tephra and viscous lava, and that builds up steep conical
mounds
subduction zone - an area
where one tectonic plate bends beneath another tectonic plate. Usually,
a denser plate (oceanic) subducts (dives) beneath a more buoyant plate (continental).
tectonic plate - a piece
of the Earth's crust (or lithosphere). The surface of the Earth consists
of seven major tectonic plates and many more minor ones.
Such plates move over time through a process known as continental drift,
which is explained by the theory of plate tectonics.
vent - opening of a volcano
where magma erupts as lava
volcano - the vent from which
igneous matter, solid rock, debris, and gases are erupted